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2022 State of the Cryosphere Report
Watch COP27 Cryosphere Pavilion content on our YouTube channel
Learn more about the high level ambition on melting ice group formed at COP27
Watch cyrosphere pavilion content online now
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Swedish language seminar about the cryosphere
Watch the COP25 cyropshere pavilion content online now

What is the Cryosphere?

The cryosphere is a term for the regions of our globe which are covered in ice and snow – either seasonally or year-round. Climate change is happening in the cryosphere faster and more dramatically than anywhere else on earth.

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Learn more about the high level ambition on melting ice group formed at COP27

The Cryosphere

Climate change is happening faster and in a dramatically more visible way in the Earth’s cryosphere: the snow and ice-dominated regions around both the North and South Poles, and in high mountains.  Whether high latitude or high altitude, temperatures in these places already have warmed by at least twice the global average.  As a result, the ecosystems and communities in these fragile and beautiful places are disintegrating, in some cases right beneath our feet, as ice and ground (permafrost) melt away.

But the greatest threat of this rapidly-warming cryosphere lies no longer in these regions themselves.  Instead, the most catastrophic and wide-ranging impact of our disintegrating cryosphere is on the entire Earth: sea-level rise from melting glaciers and ice sheets; loss of snowpack for water needs; polar seas and fisheries whose cold waters acidify faster, with damage to polar shell-building animals already today; carbon releases from permafrost the size of a top-20 greenhouse gas emitter, plus shrinking sea ice in the Arctic at all times of year: both impacts that are warming the planet faster and further.

Most of these impacts from a disintegrating cryosphere cannot be rolled back, even should we manage to pull temperatures down again.  Our only workable option is never to let temperatures get that high at all.  Protection of the cryosphere is not only about protecting the peoples and species that live there.  It is about protecting all of us.

Learn About The Cryosphere

Our Work

We believe that much can be accomplished if many partners work together, and ICCI worries less about credit than accomplishing needed solutions at all levels. ICCI therefore strives to work innovatively, yet without fanfare and in a sustained manner, to create new partnerships and approaches together with cryosphere scientists, governments, non-governmental organizations and the private sector – yet always with the clock ticking for the cryosphere’s survival; and therefore, that of the planet, at least as it has existed for the past 3 million years.

The cryosphere also creates the possibility of complementary climate solutions that benefit those living nearby, especially Arctic Indigenous and mountain peoples. For example, black carbon (soot) – whether from a small cooking or heating stove, or a massive wildfire — lands on ice and snow and causes it to melt more quickly; so reductions can help slow snow and ice loss, while also aiding adaptation in a rapidly changing climate and improving human health. Reductions of methane from human activity might also help counter emissions of this powerful greenhouse gas coming from thawed permafrost.

ICCI seeks to find such new and integrated solutions to benefit local mountain and Arctic communities. In particular, we have worked since 2010 to reduce black carbon emissions from agricultural sector burning, and from heating and cooking stoves. We must be clear however: the main focus of emissions reductions lies in reducing use of fossil fuels, aiming at the IPCC recommendation of around a 50% decrease by 2030; reaching carbon neutrality by 2050; and negative emissions thereafter, to remain with the 1.5°C “guardrail” of the Paris Agreement. Every fragment of temperature rise counts, and will reduce global loss and damage for many future generations – and emissions experts are clear that a 1.5°C future remains within reach, if only we choose to act in time.

ICCI's Approach

Support ICCI

ICCI elevates the voices of scientists and local communities from Arctic and mountain regions to reach governments, nonprofits, and international forums. With your support, we can translate the cryosphere’s message of urgent climate action into clear and actionable steps for policy makers. You can help save Earth’s frozen regions by supporting our work through the GiveOne Foundation; all private donations go directly to ICCI. Thank you!

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Cryosphere Capsules

ICCI publishes a weekly newsletter for policy makers summarizing the latest scientific findings in cryosphere and climate research. Read our most recent issues on the Cryosphere Capsules page, and subscribe below to receive them in your inbox every Friday.

Cryosphere Capsules

2024 Global Average Temperature was 1.6°C above Pre-industrial

Copernicus Climate Change Service, 10 January 2025 The EU's Copernicus Programme has confirmed 2024 as the warmest year on record globally, and the first calendar...
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Cryosphere Capsules

Sea-level Rise and Permafrost Thaw Substantially Increases Arctic Coastal Erosion Rates

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 3 December 2024 Climate change is affecting Arctic shoreline sea-level rise and permafrost thaw, as storms intensify and...
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Cryosphere Capsules

New Observations Reveal Greater Antarctic Grounding Line Exposure to Warm Waters

Scientific Reports, 3 January 2025 A new Antarctic-wide measuring project (using gravity inversion for bathymetry) that includes all Antarctic ice shelves has shown a deeper...
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Cryosphere Capsules

Video of the Week: “The Arctic Ocean Could Experience its First Ice-free Day Before 2030”

Summarizing recent results from an Arctic sea ice paper last month on which she was co-author, Dr. Alexandra Jahn from the University of Colorado Boulder...
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Cryosphere Capsules

Happy Cryosphere New Year!

Thank You for 2024! It was wonderful seeing many of you at COP29 in Baku, including at the COP29 Cryosphere Pavilion. The Cryosphere Pavilion this...
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Cryosphere Capsules

Salinization Intensified by Sea-level Rise Will Damage Coastal Watersheds by 2100

Geophysical Research Letters, 22 November 2024 Saltwater intrusion into fresh groundwater aquifers is increasingly damaging freshwater agriculture and ecosystems, and corroding underground urban infrastructure along...
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Cryosphere Capsules

COP29 Video of the Week: “Sea Level Changes: Are You Sure You Know Everything About it?”

Sea-level rise results from a combination of several processes, from polar ice sheet loss to mountain glacier melt and more. Structured in a dynamic format,...
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Cryosphere Capsules

Permafrost in Europe’s Mountains Warmed by More Than 1°C Per Decade

Nature Communications, 10 December 2024 Mountain permafrost makes up 30% of global permafrost area, and helps preserve the stability of many high altitude steep mountain...
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Cryosphere Capsules

Following a High Emissions Pathway Could Double Antarctic Freshwater Release into the Ocean by 2100

Geophysical Research Letters, 8 December 2024 Melting Antarctic ice releases freshwater into the Southern Ocean, with profound impacts on regional and global climate systems, as...
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