全球变暖导致南大洋磷虾减少,威胁鲸鱼种群

科学报告,2023年6月6日

在过去的三十年里,南大洋中南极磷虾种群的减少使南方露脊鲸的平均体重下降了23%,降低了它们繁殖健康后代的能力。这是第一项测量南大洋生产力下降对南极洲附近资本觅食动物(只在生命周期特定时期觅食的动物)身体造成的长期伤害的研究。在南非附近监测鲸鱼的研究人员观察到,在过去十年中,随着海洋温度的上升和海冰的减少,鲸鱼的主要食物来源--南极磷虾的供应量急剧下降,鲸鱼的体重也急剧下降。食物摄入量的减少会危及母鲸的健康,因为它们在哺育幼鲸时体重会减轻,每个季节出生的幼鲸数量会减少,幼鲸的生长也会推迟。这些因素加在一起,不仅对南非水域的南露脊鲸种群构成严重威胁,也对南半球的整个越冬地构成严重威胁。作者认为这一物种是 “南大洋觅食地环境变化的哨兵”,因为它们的生存取决于南极磷虾和桡足类的健康状况。这些发现引起了人们对这些鲸鱼的持续繁殖成功和种群恢复的严重关切,并清楚地表明了减少排放以限制气候变暖和减少对整个南极生态系统的海洋物种的负面影响的紧迫性。.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-30238-2

帕姆·皮尔森

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