北极和南极海冰减少导致喜马拉雅山冬季降雪减少

大气科学快报,2026年3月5日

本世纪,在高排放的情况下,极地海冰的融化将削弱冬季风暴系统(即 "西扰")的频率和强度,从而减少喜马拉雅山的冬季降水和积雪,而喜马拉雅山支撑着整个南亚的主要河流系统。西部扰动是源自地中海的外热带风暴,在冬季和季风前的季节给印度西北部、巴基斯坦和尼泊尔带来突如其来的雨、雪和雾。它们对维持喜马拉雅冰川和冬季作物(包括小麦、大麦、芥菜、禾谷和豌豆)的生长起着至关重要的作用。研究人员在模型中模拟了未来的大气环流模式,其中考虑到了北极和南极海冰减少以及海面温度升高的情况。他们发现,海冰融化会减弱和扩大副热带喷流,并使其更靠近赤道,从而减少西部扰动的形成,并使喜马拉雅地区的风暴活动减少近 19%。风暴减少可能会影响这些国家的水资源、农业和区域气候风险,这表明极地气候变化会对数千公里以外的天气系统产生深远影响。.

| 《自然-印度》研究亮点摘要

帕姆·皮尔森

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