环境科学前沿,2026年2月20日
自 20 世纪 50 年代以来,南极半岛每十年升温 0.3-0.5°C ,比全球平均升温速度快两倍。如果全球变暖超过 2°C,该地区将面临不可逆转的巨大损失,包括海冰的严重损失、冰架的坍塌和冰川的迅速后退。这些变化增加了自我强化过程的风险,将扩大气候变暖,导致海平面进一步上升、海洋环流改变以及其他影响,其范围远远超出南极洲。海冰的消失和极端天气的增加已经导致企鹅筑巢地被淹和帝企鹅繁殖地的失败,而磷虾分布的变化则威胁着海洋食物网和渔业的稳定。快速减少碳排放可以限制最严重的长期影响,而持续变暖则需要更具变革性的保护战略,以保护生物多样性、渔业、旅游业和《南极条约》体系管辖下的其他业务。.
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